Standard de race
La base des expositions de race est le jugement des chiens de race par rapport au «Standard de race», qui est une image en mots qui décrit chaque race de chien de race. Pour toutes les expositions de race autorisées, les normes de race du Kennel Club doivent être utilisées pour juger les chiens de race.
Les normes de race sont la propriété du Kennel Club et tous les changements sont soumis à l'approbation du Comité général du Kennel Club. De nouvelles normes de race, pour les races nouvellement reconnues, sont établies une fois que la race est suffisamment établie au Royaume-Uni. Une recherche minutieuse est menée sur le contexte historique, la santé et le tempérament de toute nouvelle race avant que la reconnaissance du Kennel Club ne soit accordée. Le Kennel Club reconnaît actuellement 215 races (août 2015) . Une fois reconnues, les races sont inscrites au registre des races importées jusqu'à ce qu'elles soient jugées éligibles au transfert vers le registre des races.
(La documentation fournie à la fois ci-dessus et dans le cadre des exemples de normes de race ci-dessous est la propriété exclusive du Kennel Club et a été aimablement reproduite à des fins d'information uniquement. ni les auteurs d'aucune des publications présentes sur cette page).
Le Kennel Club
Standard de race -
Chihuahua à long manteau
Apparence générale
Petit, délicat, compact.
Caractéristiques
Alerte petit chien; mouvement rapide avec une action vive et énergique et une expression impertinente.
Tempérament
Gay, fougueux et intelligent, ni vif ni renfermé.
Tête et crâne
Crâne en forme de dôme de pomme bien arrondi, joues et mâchoires maigres, museau modérément court, légèrement pointu. Arrêt définitif.
Les yeux
Grand, rond, mais pas saillant; bien mis à part; le centre de l'œil est sur un plan avec le point le plus bas de l'oreille et la base de la butée; foncé ou rubis. Les yeux clairs dans les couleurs claires sont autorisés.
Oreilles
Grand, évasé, placé à un angle d'environ 45 degrés; donnant de la largeur entre les oreilles. Pourboire ou en panne hautement indésirable.
Bouche
Mâchoires fortes, avec une morsure en ciseaux parfaite, régulière et complète, c'est-à-dire que les dents supérieures chevauchent étroitement les dents inférieures et sont placées à l'équerre des mâchoires.
Cou
Légèrement cambré, de longueur moyenne.
Quartier avant
Epaules bien posées; mince, incliné dans un support légèrement élargi au-dessus des pattes antérieures droites, bien placé sous la poitrine pour une liberté de mouvement sans relâchement.
Corps
Remettez le niveau. Corps, de la pointe de l'épaule à la pointe arrière de la croupe, légèrement plus long que la hauteur au garrot. Côtes bien cintrées, poitrine profonde.
Quartier arrière
Musclé; jarrets bien descendus, avec bon tour de grasset, bien écartés, ne tournant ni dedans ni dehors.
Pieds
Petit et délicat, ne tournant ni dedans ni dehors; orteils bien divisés mais non écartés, coussinets coussinés, paturons fins, solides et flexibles. Ni lièvre ni chat, ongles moyennement courts.
Queue
De longueur moyenne, attachée haut, portée de haut en bas (queue de faucille). Lorsque vous vous déplacez, jamais caché ou recourbé sous la ligne du dessus. Poilu, d'apparence aplatie, s'élargissant légèrement au centre et se rétrécissant en pointe.
Marche / mouvement
Action vive et énergique, ni high stepping ni hackney; bonne portée sans relâchement dans les quartiers avant, bon entraînement à l'arrière-train. Vu de l'avant et de l'arrière, les pattes ne doivent pas bouger trop près ni trop large, sans tourner dans ou hors des pieds ou des paturons. Topline doit rester ferme et de niveau lors du déplacement.
Manteau
Poil long: texture douce (jamais grossière ou dure au toucher) plate ou légèrement ondulée. Jamais serré et bouclé. Plumes sur les oreilles, les pieds et les jambes, pantalon sur l'arrière-train, grande collerette sur le cou souhaitable. Queue longue et pleine comme un panache.
Couleur
Toute couleur ou mélange de couleurs mais jamais Merle (pommelé).
Taille
Poids: jusqu'à 2,7 kg (6 lb), de 1,8 à 2,7 kg (4 à 6 lb) de préférence.
Défauts
Tout écart par rapport aux points précédents doit être considéré comme une faute et la gravité avec laquelle la faute doit être considérée doit être en proportion exacte de son degré et de son effet sur la santé et le bien-être du chien.
Noter
Les mâles doivent avoir deux testicules d'aspect normal complètement descendus dans le scrotum.
Le Kennel Club
Standard de race -
Chihuahua à long manteau
General appearance
Sturdy, compact , solid, small dog with good bone, short, smooth coat. No point exaggerated, balance essential. Dogs showing respiratory distress highly undesirable.
Characteristics
Full of courage, yet with clown-like qualities. Bat ears and short tail characteristic features of the breed.
Temperament
Vivacious, deeply affectionate, intelligent.
Head and skull
Head square in appearance and in proportion to dog’s size. Skull nearly flat between ears, domed forehead. The skin covering the skull and forehead should be supple enough to allow fine wrinkling when the dog is alert. Well defined muzzle, that can clearly be viewed in profile, broad, deep and set back, muscles of cheeks well developed. Stop well defined. Lower jaw deep, square, broad, slightly undershot and turned up. Nose black and wide, relatively short, with visibly open nostrils and line between well defined. Lips black, thick, meeting each other in centre, completely hiding teeth. Upper lip covers lower on each side with plenty of cushion, never so exaggerated as to hang too much below level of lower jaw.
Eyes
Preferably dark and matching. Moderate size, round, neither sunken nor prominent, showing no white when looking straight forward; set moderately wide apart and on same level as the stop.
Ears
’Bat ears‘, of medium size, wide at base, rounded at top; set high, carried upright and parallel, a sufficient width of skull preventing them being too close together; skin soft and fine, orifice as seen from the front, showing entirely. The opening to the ear canal should be wide and open.
Mouth
Slightly undershot. Teeth sound and regular, but not visible when the mouth is closed. Tongue must not protrude.
Neck
Powerful, well arched, of moderate length.
Forequarters
Legs set wide apart, straight boned, strong, muscular and short.
Body
Cobby, muscular and well rounded with deep, wide brisket and ribs well sprung. Strong, gently roached back. Good ‘cut up’. The body while broader at the shoulders should narrow slightly beyond the ribs to give definition to the relatively short, thick, strong, muscular loin.
Hindquarters
Legs strong, muscular and relatively longer than forelegs with moderate angulation. Absolute soundness essential. Hocks well let down.
Feet
Small, compact and placed in continuation of line of leg, with absolutely sound pasterns. Hind feet rather longer than the fore-feet. Toes compact; well knuckled; nails short, thick and preferably black.
Tail
Undocked, set low, thick at root, tapering quickly towards tip, preferably straight, and long enough to cover anus. Never curling over back nor carried gaily.
Gait/movement
Free and flowing. Soundness of movement of the utmost importance.
Coat
Texture fine, smooth, lustrous, short and close.
Colour
The only correct colours are: Brindle; Fawn; Pied;
Brindle – Colour pattern caused by a mixture of black hairs and fawn hairs. White markings permitted provided that brindle predominates. Eye rims, eyelashes and lips black.
Fawn – Clear, self-coloured fawn with or without a black mask. White markings permitted, provided that fawn predominates. Cream and red shades less desirable. Eye rims, eyelashes and lips black.
Pied – Brindle Pied: White predominates with brindle patches. (The brindle as defined above). Fawn
Pied: White predominates with fawn patches.
Whites are classified with pieds for show purposes.
In pieds, eye rims, eyelashes and lips should preferably be black.
Any white in the above colours should be clear with no ticking or spots.
All other colours highly undesirable, including solid black, black and white, black and tan, mouse, grey/blue, liver/chocolate and all patterns of these colours.
(We however carefully breed these colours to ensure quality and most importantly the health of our dogs is at the forefront of our breeding program - please ask for more details).
Size
Ideal weight: dogs: 12.5 kgs (28 lbs); bitches: 11 kgs (24 lbs). Soundness not to be sacrificed to smallness.
Faults
Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog and on the dog’s ability to perform its traditional work.
Note
Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.
Le Kennel Club
Standard de race -
Chihuahua à long manteau
General appearance
Decidedly square and cobby, it is ‘multum in parvo’ shown in compactness of form, well-knit proportions and hardness of muscle, but never to appear either low on legs or leggy.
Characteristics
Great charm, dignity and intelligence.
Temperament
Even tempered, happy and lively disposition.
Head and skull
Head relatively large and in proportion to body, round, not apple-headed, with no indentation of skull. Muzzle relatively short, blunt, square, not upfaced. Nose black, fairly large with well-open nostrils. Wrinkles on forehead clearly defined without exaggeration. Eyes or nose never adversely affected or obscured by over nose wrinkle. Pinched nostrils and heavy over nose wrinkle is unacceptable and should be heavily penalised.
Eyes
Dark, relatively large, round in shape, soft and solicitous in expression, very lustrous, and when excited, full of fire. Never protruding, exaggerated or showing white when looking straight ahead. Free from obvious eye problems.
Ears
Thin, small soft like black velvet. Two kinds: ‘button ear’ – ear flap folding forward, tip lying close to skull to cover opening; ‘rose ear’ – small drop ear which folds over and back to reveal the burr.
Mouth
Slightly undershot. Wide lower jaw with incisors almost in a straight line. Wry mouths, teeth or tongue showing all highly undesirable and should be heavily penalised.
Neck
Slightly arched to resemble a crest, strong, thick with enough length to carry head proudly.
Forequarters
Legs very strong, straight, of moderate length, and well under body. Shoulders well sloped.
Body
Short and cobby, broad in chest. Ribs well sprung and carried well back. Topline level neither roached nor dipping. Should be hard of muscle. Substance must not be confused with obesity which is highly undesirable.
Hindquarters
Legs very strong, of moderate length, with good turn of stifle, well under body, straight and parallel when viewed from rear.
Feet
Neither so long as the foot of the hare, nor so round as that of the cat; well-split-up toes; the nails black.
Tail
High set, tightly curled over hip. Double curl highly desirable.
Gait/movement
Viewed from in front should rise and fall with legs well under shoulder, feet keeping directly to front, not turning in or out. From behind action just as true. Using forelegs strongly putting them well forward with hindlegs moving freely and using stifles well. A slight unexaggerated roll of hindquarters typifies gait. Capable of purposeful and steady movement.
Coat
Fine, smooth, soft, short and glossy, neither harsh, off standing nor woolly. Any stripping or trimming of the coat which alters the length, texture or outline must be penalised.
Colour
Silver, apricot, fawn or black. Each clearly defined, to make contrast complete between colour, trace (black line extending from occiput to tail) and mask. Markings clearly defined. Muzzle or mask, ears, moles on cheeks, thumb mark or diamond on forehead and trace as black as possible.
(We however carefully breed these colours to ensure quality and most importantly the health of our dogs is at the forefront of our breeding program - please ask for more details).
Size
Ideal weight 6.3-8.1 kgs (14-18 lbs).
Faults
Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog and on the dog’s ability to perform its traditional work.
Note
Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.
Le Kennel Club
Standard de race -
Chihuahua à poil lisse
Apparence générale
Petit, délicat, compact.
Caractéristiques
Alerte petit chien; mouvement rapide avec une action vive et énergique et une expression impertinente.
Tempérament
Gay, fougueux et intelligent, ni vif ni renfermé.
Tête et crâne
Crâne en forme de dôme de pomme bien arrondi, joues et mâchoires maigres, museau modérément court, légèrement pointu. Arrêt définitif.
Les yeux
Grand, rond, mais pas saillant; bien mis à part; le centre de l'œil est sur un plan avec le point le plus bas de l'oreille et la base de la butée; foncé ou rubis. Les yeux clairs dans les couleurs claires sont autorisés.
Oreilles
Grand, évasé, placé à un angle d'environ 45 degrés; donnant de la largeur entre les oreilles. Pourboire ou en panne hautement indésirable.
Bouche
Mâchoires fortes, avec une morsure en ciseaux parfaite, régulière et complète, c'est-à-dire que les dents supérieures chevauchent étroitement les dents inférieures et sont placées perpendiculairement aux mâchoires.
Cou
Légèrement cambré, de longueur moyenne.
Quartier avant
Epaules bien posées; mince, incliné dans un support légèrement élargi au-dessus des pattes antérieures droites, bien placé sous la poitrine pour une liberté de mouvement sans relâchement.
Corps
Remettez le niveau. Corps, de la pointe de l'épaule à la pointe arrière de la croupe, légèrement plus long que la hauteur au garrot. Côtes bien cintrées, poitrine profonde.
Quartier arrière
Musclé; jarrets bien descendus, avec bon tour de grasset, bien écartés, ne tournant ni dedans ni dehors.
Pieds
Petit et délicat, ne tournant ni dedans ni dehors; orteils bien divisés mais non écartés, coussinets coussinés, paturons fins, solides et flexibles. Ni lièvre ni chat, ongles moyennement courts.
Queue
De longueur moyenne, attachée haut, portée de haut en bas (queue de faucille). Lorsque vous vous déplacez, jamais caché ou recourbé sous la ligne du dessus. Poilu, d'apparence aplatie, s'élargissant légèrement au centre et se rétrécissant en pointe.
Marche / mouvement
Action vive et énergique, ni high stepping ni hackney; bonne portée sans relâchement dans les quartiers avant, bon entraînement à l'arrière-train. Vu de l'avant et de l'arrière, les jambes ne doivent pas bouger trop près ni trop large, sans tourner dans ou hors des pieds ou des paturons. Topline doit rester ferme et de niveau lors du déplacement.
Manteau
Poil lisse: lisse, de texture douce, serré et brillant, avec sous-poil et collerette autorisés.
Couleur
Toute couleur ou mélange de couleurs mais jamais Merle (pommelé).
Taille
Poids: jusqu'à 2,7 kg (6 lb), de 1,8 à 2,7 kg (4 à 6 lb) de préférence.
Défauts
Tout écart par rapport aux points précédents doit être considéré comme une faute et la gravité avec laquelle la faute doit être considérée doit être en proportion exacte de son degré et de son effet sur la santé et le bien-être du chien.
Noter
Les mâles doivent avoir deux testicules d'apparence normale complètement descendus dans le scrotum
Le Kennel Club
Standard de race -
Chihuahua à poil lisse
General appearance
Smooth-coated. Fairly thick set, rather low in stature, broad, powerful and compact. Head, fairly large in proportion to size but no point so much in excess of others as to destroy the general symmetry, or make the dog appear deformed, or interfere with its powers of motion. Face relatively short, muzzle broad, blunt and inclined upwards although not excessively so. Dogs showing respiratory distress or making excessive respiratory noise highly undesirable. Body fairly short, well knit, limbs stout, well-muscled and in hard condition with no tendency towards obesity. Hindquarters high and strong. Bitches not so grand or well developed as dogs.
Characteristics
Conveys impression of determination, strength and activity.
Temperament
Alert, bold, loyal, dependable, courageous, fierce in appearance, but possessed of affectionate nature.
Head and skull
Skull relatively large in circumference. Viewed from front appears high from corner of lower jaw to apex of skull; also broad and square. Cheeks well rounded and extended sideways beyond eyes. Viewed from side, head appears very high and moderately short from back to point of nose. Forehead flat with skin on and about head slightly loose and finely wrinkled without excess, neither prominent nor overhanging face. From defined stop, a furrow extending to middle of skull being traceable to apex. Face from front of cheek bone to nose, relatively short, skin may be slightly wrinkled. Muzzle short, broad, turned upwards and deep from corner of eye to corner of mouth. Nose and nostrils large, broad and black, under no circumstances liver colour, red or brown. Nostrils large wide and open, with well-defined vertical straight line between. Over nose wrinkle, if present, whole or broken, must never adversely affect or obscure eyes or nose. Pinched nostrils and heavy over nose roll are unacceptable and must be heavily penalised. Distance from inner corner of eye (or from centre of stop between eyes) to extreme tip of nose should not be less than distance from tip of the nose to edge of the underlip. Flews (chops) thick, broad and deep, covering lower jaws at sides, but joining underlip in front. Teeth not visible. Jaws broad, strong and square, lower jaw slightly projecting in front of upper with moderate turn up. Viewed from front, the various properties of the face must be equally balanced on either side of an imaginary line down centre.
Eyes
Seen from front, situated low down in skull, well away from ears. Eyes and stop in same straight line, at right angles to furrow. Wide apart, but outer corners within the outline of cheeks. Round, of moderate size, neither sunken nor prominent, in colour very dark – almost black – showing no white when looking directly forward. Free from obvious eye problems.
Ears
Set high – i.e. front edge of each ear (as viewed from front) joins outline of skull at top corner of such outline, so as to place them as wide apart, as high and as far from eyes as possible. Small and thin. ’Rose ear‘ correct, i.e. folding inwards back, upper or front inner edge curving outwards and backwards, showing part of inside of burr.
Mouth
Jaws broad and square with six small front teeth between canines in an even row. Canines wide apart. Teeth large and strong, not seen when mouth closed. When viewed from front under jaw directly under upper jaw and parallel.
Neck
Strong, muscular neck, well arched, moderate in length with clear definition between head and shoulders. Some loose, skin about throat, forming slight dewlap on each side.
Forequarters
Shoulders broad, sloping and deep, very powerful and muscular giving appearance of being ’tacked on‘ body. Brisket round and deep. Well let down between forelegs. Ribs not flat-sided, but well rounded. Forelegs very stout and strong, well developed, set wide apart, thick, muscular and straight, bones of legs large and straight, not bandy nor curved and short in proportion to hindlegs, but not so short as to make back appear long, or detract from dog’s activity. Elbows low and standing well away from ribs. Pasterns short, straight and strong.
Body
Chest wide, prominent and deep. Back relatively short, strong, broad at shoulders. Slight fall to back close behind shoulders (lowest part) whence spine should rise to loins (top higher than top of shoulder), curving again more suddenly to tail, forming slight arch over the loin – a distinctive characteristic of breed. Body well ribbed back with good length of sternum. Belly tucked up and not pendulous. Firm muscular condition highly desirable.
Hindquarters
Legs large and muscular, slightly longer in proportion than forelegs. Hocks slightly bent, well let down; legs long and muscular from loins to hock. Stifles turned very slightly outwards away from body.
Feet
Fore, straight and turning very slightly outward; of medium size and moderately round. Hind, round and compact. Toes compact and thick, well split up, making knuckles prominent and high.
Tail
Set on low, jutting out rather straight and then turning downwards. Round, smooth and devoid of fringe or coarse hair. Moderate in length – rather short than long – thick at root, tapering quickly to a fine point. Downward carriage (not having a decided upward curve at end) and never carried above back.
Lack of tail, inverted or extremely tight tails are undesirable.
Gait/movement
Appearing to trot with short, quick steps on tips of toes, front feet landing just inside width at point of shoulder, hind feet not lifted high, appearing to skim ground in a semi-circular like motion from inside to out, and tracking virtually behind the front feet. The body weight is transferred from side to side creating the distinctive Bulldog roll. When trotting and viewed from the side correct topline should be maintained. Soundness of movement of the utmost importance.
Coat
Fine texture, short, close and smooth (hard only from shortness and closeness, not wiry).
Colour
Whole (solid) colour or ‘smut’ (whole colour with a black mask or muzzle).
Whole colours are red, fawn, white.
Red or fawn may have white markings i.e. red and white, fawn and white.
Brindle – solid background colour marked with darker stripes: red brindle, fawn brindle. Brindles may have white markings, i.e. red brindle and white, fawn brindle and white.
Pied – white background with markings of any of the above listed colours.
Colours should be brilliant. Any of the colours listed may have dark tips or ticking.
Any other colour or pattern highly undesirable. (We however carefully breed these colours to ensure quality and most importantly the health of our dogs is at the forefront of our breeding program - please ask for more details).
Size
Dogs: 25 kgs (55 lbs); bitches: 23 kgs (50 lbs).
Faults
Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog and on the dog’s ability to perform its traditional work.
Note
Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.
Le Kennel Club
Standard de race -
Chihuahua à poil lisse
General appearance
Well balanced, elegant looking with very proud carriage.
Characteristics
Distinguished by a special type of clip for show activity and by a type of coat which does not moult.
Temperament
Gay spirited and good tempered.
Head and skull
Long and fine with slight peak. Skull not broad, moderate stop. Foreface strong, well chiselled, not falling away under eyes; cheek bones and muscle flat. Lips tight fitting. Chin well defined but not protruding. Head in proportion to size of dog.
Eyes
Almond shaped, dark, not set too close together, full of fire and intelligence. Eye colour see 'colour' below.
Ears
Leathers long and wide, set low, hanging close to face.
Mouth
Jaws strong with perfect, regular and complete scissor bite, i.e. upper teeth closely overlapping lower teeth and set square to the jaws. A full set of 42 teeth is desirable.
Neck
Well proportioned, of good length and strong to admit of the head being carried high and with dignity. Skin fitting tightly at the throat.
Forequarters
Well-laid-back shoulders, strong and muscular. Legs set straight from shoulders, well muscled.
Body
Chest deep and moderately wide. Ribs well sprung and rounded. Back short, strong, slightly hollowed; loins broad and muscular.
Hindquarters
Thighs well developed and muscular; well-bent stifles, hocks well let down; hindlegs turning neither in nor out.
Feet
Tight, proportionately small, oval in shape, turning neither in nor out, toes arched, pads thick and hard, well cushioned. Pasterns strong.
Tail
Previously customarily docked.
Docked: set on rather high, carried at slight angle away from the body, never curled or carried over back, thick at root.
Undocked: Thick at root, set on rather high, carried away from the body and as straight as possible.
Gait/movement
Sound, free and light movement essential with plenty of drive.
Coat
Very profuse and dense of good harsh texture. All short hair close, thick and curly. All traditional trims permissible in the show ring and the dogs judged on equal merit, as long as there is sufficient length to demonstrate colour and quality of coat.
Colour
All solid colours. White and creams to have black nose, lips and eye rims, black toenails desirable. Browns to have dark amber eyes, dark liver nose, lips, eye rims and toenails. Apricots and reds to have dark eyes with black points or deep amber eyes with liver points. Blacks, silvers and blues to have black nose, lips, eye rims and toenails. Creams, apricots, reds, browns, silvers and blues may show varying shades of the same colour up to 18 months. Clear colours preferred. Non solid colours are highly undesirable and should be heavily penalised.
(We however carefully breed these colours to ensure quality and most importantly the health of our dogs is at the forefront of our breeding program - please ask for more details).
Sizes
Poodles (Toy): height at shoulder should be under 28 cms (11 ins).
Poodles (Miniature): height at shoulder should be under 38 cms (15 ins) but not under 28 cms (11 ins).
Faults
Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog and on the dog’s ability to perform its traditional work.
Note
Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.